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Cold drawn tubes: advanced manufacturing technology for high-precision seamless steel tubes
Cold-drawn pipes are high-precision seamless steel pipes produced by the cold-drawing process. The hot-rolled or cold-rolled pipe blanks are pulled from the mold through tension, causing the pipe wall to undergo plastic deformation at room temperature, thereby achieving the purpose of improving dimensional accuracy, improving surface quality and optimizing structural properties. Due to its advantages of high precision, high surface quality and high strength, cold drawn tubes are widely used in fields such as hydraulic cylinders, mechanical structures, automobile and motorcycle parts, and precision instrument manufacturing.
The production process of cold drawn tubes usually includes tube blank preparation, pickling and lubrication, multiple cold drawings, annealing treatment and finishing and straightening. The tube blanks need to be strictly screened to ensure that the chemical composition and mechanical properties meet the requirements. The pickling treatment is used to remove the iron oxide scale on the surface of the tube blank, and the passivation treatment forms a dense protective film to prevent scratches and rust during subsequent processing. The lubrication link is particularly critical. Good lubrication conditions can effectively reduce the drawing force, reduce mold wear, and ensure the surface quality of the steel pipe.
The cold drawing process can be divided into two categories: air drawing and mandrel drawing according to the deformation method. Air drawing is the drawing of the tube blank without a mandrel, which is mainly used for diameter and wall reduction; mandrel drawing uses the mandrel to support the inner wall of the tube to achieve sizing and finishing, which can achieve higher dimensional accuracy. Depending on the product requirements, multiple passes of cold drawing are usually required to achieve the final size specifications. The amount of wall reduction in each pass is generally controlled between 15% and 25%. Annealing treatment plays a role in softening the structure and eliminating work hardening during the cold drawing process. It is a key process to ensure the smooth progress of subsequent processing.
The technical parameters of cold drawn pipes mainly include outer diameter tolerance, inner diameter tolerance, wall thickness tolerance and surface roughness, etc. The outer diameter and inner diameter tolerances of high-precision cold drawn tubes can reach IT8-IT10 level, and the surface roughness Ra value is between 0.2-0.8μm. In addition, specific mechanical properties can be adjusted according to customer needs, such as normalizing, quenching and tempering and other heat treatment states. When purchasing cold drawn tubes, it is recommended to choose a regular manufacturer with complete testing equipment and quality assurance system to ensure the dimensional accuracy and inherent quality of the product.